1988-12-28
"'-'-
-/
'-'"
QUEERS BURY ZOIURG BOARD OF APPEALS
Regular Meeting: Wednesday, December 28, 1988 at 7:30 p.m.
Present: Theodore Turner, Chairman
Joyce Eggleston
Daniel Griffin
Susan Goetz, Secretary
Jeffrey Kelley
Charles o. Sicard
Paul Dusek, Town Attorney (in Counsel's Office)
Lee York, Senior Planner
Mary Jane F. Moeller, Stenographer
Absent:
Michael Muller
Chairman Turner called the meeting to order at 7:30 p.m..
NEW BUSINESS
AREA VARIANCE NO. 1453
Frank and Joan Arzberger
The application is for the purpose of having one horse on 2.78 acres of
property just south of the Town-owned property on the east side of
Jenkinsville Road, SR-1A. The zoning Ordinance requires three (3) acres
of land for one horse. (Tax Map No. 52-1-29).
Edward Murray, Real Estate Agent for Woodland Real Estate in Queens-
bury, represented the applicants who are out of town; Mr. Murray is trying
to sell the house for the Arzberger,s. He feels that approval of the
Variance would enhance the saleability of the property. However, if the
property were not sold and the Arzberger's had a pony, that would induce
the grandchildren to visit. Mr. Murray was of the opinion that an
approval of the Variance would be beneficial to the area, rather than
developing the land further.
There are three out-buildings on the property; two are suitable to
house a horse. One of the problems with the property is the proximity to
the Town landfill. If the Variance was granted, it would be more feasible
to sell the land as one parcel. The big marketability is the Queensbury
School district. The house has been on the market for approximately 2~ to
three months. Mr. Murray confirmed to Mr. Turner that the two or three
people who called and showed interest in the property, also visited the
site. Purchase of the home by the prospective buyers had been contingent
upon the new owners being able to have a horse.
The land is .13 acres less than the required three acres for a horse.
Mrs. Eggleston was concerned about whether the public park would be
1
'--
'--../
affected by flies from the horse/pony. Mr. Murray advised her that the
building that would house the horse was, at one time, a chicken coop. It
is a good-sized building with a concrete slab, and is furthest away from
the Town property. There is a shed located in front of the barn that is
closest to the Town property.
Public Hearings no comment
Correspondences Mrs. Goetz read a letter of opposition from Harold
Boynton, who stated that the people who are applying for the Variance will
not be the owners, the area is residential and there is not enough acreage
to support a horse. In addition, a letter of opposition from Nancy and
Ronald Robson (1) stated they object to a horse being kept across the
street, due to the smell and flies.
Mrs. Goetz also read Staff comments from Mrs. York (Exhibit A). Warren
County Planning Board approved.
Mr. Murray affirmed to Mr. Turner that there are other persons in the
neighborhood who have horses, the location is down the street from the
landfill. He is not aware of how many acres are involved.
There was a discussion among the Board regarding the Zoning Ordinance
requirements, Section 7.041 Farm Classifications. It was decided that the
application comes under Class D - Hobby, and that the next person who buys
the land has to apply for a Site Plan Review.
Mr. Kelley moved APPROVAL of Area Variance No. 1453. The zone calls
for three acres of land, in order to keep a horse on the property, this
property is 2.78 acres. This would be a minimum Variance and the differ-
ence in size would be 5,227 square feet. Mr. Murray, Real Estate Agent,
testified that the Arzberger's are having trouble selling the property.
With approval of the Variance, so that a horse could be kept on the pro-
perty, there is a better chance of being able to sell the home. One of
the drawbacks of the property is its proximity to the Queensbury Landfill.
This would
in the area
subdivision.
be a minimum relief and not detrimental to other properties
and cannot be subdivided. The Variance terminates with the
The Zoning Board of Appeals reviewed the Short Environmental Assessment
Form, with no negative impact. The person who desires to house the horse
has to seek a Site Plan Review, because of the Town Zoning Ordinance, Sec-
tion 7.041 - Farm Classifications. Class D - Hobby. The Real Estate Agent
is Edward Murray of Woodland Real Estate, Queensbury.
Seconded by Mr. Sicard.
Passed Unanimously
2
.,-,
-./
AREA VARIANCE NO. 1457
Karolyn Smith
The present residence on the property will be torn down on Hillman
Road, Cleverdale, WR-1A. A new residence will be constructed in compli-
ance with the setback requiremeq~s of the Adirondack Park Agency shoreline
restrictions. Lot size: .385 ao~.s. (Tax Map No. 12-3-34).
In addition to reading the application, Mrs. Goetz read a letter from
Dennis Phillips, Esq., (Exhibit B) to Paul Dusek, Town Attorney. The
purpose of the letter is to set forth pertinent facts regarding the pre-
existing use of the property, so that the Zoning Board of Appeals may make
a decision as to whether or not a Variance is required. (Due to the
length of the correspondence, Mr. Phillips requested to waive reading the
last half of his letter, this was agreeable to the Board. The Board has
copies of the letter and it is on file.)
Mr. Dusek reviewed Mr. Phillip's letter and, although the comparisons
to APA are noteworthy, he does not feel that they would be binding on the
Zoning Board in any way. There are two lots, side by side and both with
houses on them, which were under different ownerships until 1987. While
under different ownerships, the lots were non-conforming and existed under
the old and new Ordinances. In 1987 the lots became owned by the same
people (James W. & Flora S. Ingalls, Jr.). The 1982 Ordinance required
that two, adjoining lots that are in common ownership at the time the
Ordinance was in effect should be joined, however, the Ordinance indicates
that any non-conforming lot of record as of the date of the Ordinance
(1982) will be allowed to stand unless side by side with another lot. It
is Mr. Dusek's opinion that the Courts have taken a very strict construc-
tion of this type matter and, if it is not on the date of the Ordinance
that the lots were owned separately, then the lots do not merge. Regard-
ing the 1988 Ordinance, at that time both parcels were owned by the same
people on the date the Ordinance came into effect.
The Board has two alternatives. 1) The Board can say the lots were
merged under the Ordinance and therefore the applicant, in order to do
anything at all with the lots, would have to go back for a subdivison
process, in which case the lots would not meet subdivision requirements
and therefore would require a Variance, or 2) to find that the lots were
not merged by operation of the 1988 Ordinance.
If the Board did feel that the lots were merged, one question to be
asked is, -Does it involve unconstitutiQnal taking of the property, be-
cause there are two separate houses which have existed over the years,
does it deprive the owners of property without due process, is the value
of the property reduced, etc.?
Another approach is to examine the statutory language. In the Town
3
~
,-.,.;I
Ordinance, Section 2.020, 150., Page 16, -Lots means a parcel or portion
of land separated from other parcels or portions by description or by a
subdivision map, survey map or by metes and bounds Mr. Dusek con-
tinued to note that what the Ordinance does not talk about is whether a
house on this lots makes any difference. However, he pointed out that
many of the Court cases and the reknown author, Anderson, make the distinc-
tion that a lot is not only a piece of land, but is improved by a house.
Therefore, the Board has to make the determination as to whether the lot
includes vacant land or land with a house. If the Board finds that a lot
is vacant land only, then the application is dismissed because there is no
need for a Variance. If the lot includes the house as well as land, then
the Board has to determine if that makes sense under Article 8, he advised
the Board to look at the reasoning behind the merge~ of lots. He advised
the Board to not add any more nonconforming to the community.
Another recommendation Mr. Dusek made to the Board, is that it review
what would be accomplished by joining the two parcels. There are two
houses, two septic systems, two wells, all of the problems of two houses.
Mr. Dusek
not merged by
Board decides
stitutionality
advised the Board that, if they decided that the lots were
the 1988 statute, it is a reasonable interpretation. If the
that the lots were not merged, he cautioned about the uncon-
aspects of due compensation of having two separate parcels.
Mr. Turner noted that basically nothing has changed, the houses were
always there, the lots are the same. Regarding the new Ordinance and
responses from the public on the new regulations, Mr. Kelley felt that the
intent was that the public liked the openness, they did not want to see
crowded conditions, etc. When considering the merging of lots, it is his
op1n10n that it is the empty lots, not the ones with houses, that get into
developments and are substandard. Mr. Dusek noted that there are two
separate deeds1 there was a tax merger through the Assessor's Office.
Public Hearings supports
Mr. Arthur Buckleys neighbor to the south.
Mr./Mrs. Buckley do not object to the change from a Use Variance to an
Area Variance.
Garfield Raymonds
Dr. Raymond requested to know on which issue a vote was being taken.
Answers The merger of two lots.
Mr. Turner moved APPROVAL of Area Variance No. 1457, Karolyn Smith.
(A)
come
lots.
The Board has ruled that it is not necessary for the applicant to
before the Board for a Variance because there has been no merger of
The reason there has been no merger of lots is because to read the
4
'-
-......./
Ordinance
seem that
merge, as
application
reasonably and to the fairness to everyone cOQoerned, it did not
two lots with pre-existing, constructed houses on them would
a result of the operation of this Ordinance. Therefore, the
is not necessary.
-Assuming that the merger of the -green lot- and the -red lot- has not
occurred, our client desires to upgrade the situation. She proposes to
comply with the minimum building setback requirements of the Adirondack
Park Agency, namely, 50 feet from the water's edge. This is an improve-
ment from the present setback of 12 feet but still ~s a little shy of the
1988 Ordinance requirement of 75 feet. It is our thought that because our
client desires to make the situation better, there is a justifiable reason
for the setback variance. Also, she proposes to abandon the old sewage
disposal system on the lot and construct a new state-of-the-art system
more than 100 feet from the lake, thereby substantially improving the
septic situation. Finally, she proposes that the lot width of 145 feet be
acceptable as a pre-existing lot on the ground that it exceeds the APA
regulation of 100 feet but falls short of the 1988 Ordinance by five feet.
We do not believe the 1988 Ordinance was intended to be confiscatory
and we believe that a rule of reason has to be applied in the interpreta-
tion of the doctrine' of merger. We believe that the unique facts and
circumstances of this situation are such to warrant an interpretation to
the effect that these two lots should remain as non-conforming lots under
the Ordinance.-
(Mr. Phillips and the Board discussed the location of the proposed new
structure. The setback from the right-of-way is 10 feet from the septic
system, and the proposed new structure is 50 feet from the shoreline. The
present building is 12 feet from the shoreline.)
(B) The setback
cal difficulty
septic system.
other relief
relief. The
Environmental
in Area Variance No. 1457 (A) is approved. The practi-
is that there has to be room between the house and the
The house will be located 50 feet from the shoreline. The
is that the lot is 145 feet in width; this is a five-foot
practical difficulty is the pre-existing lot size. The Short
Assessment Form was reviewed with no negative impacts.
Seconded by Mrs. Goetz.
Passed Unanimously
AREA VARIANCE NO. 1454
Roger and Karen Howard
The
house
proposed project is to remodel an existing four-bedroom, three-bath
on Rockhurst Road into a four-bedroom, three-bath house on Rockhurst
5
'-'
...-'
Road, Cleverdale, WR-1A. Locationl Route 9L to Cleverda1e, take Rockhurst
turnoff, .4 mile towards point from Seelye Road turnoff. Lot size 11,070
square feet. (Tax Map No. 15-1-17).
John Mason was Agent for the application and stated the house was built
in the 1950's and has been remodeled several times. The motivation for
the entire project is to put a master bathroom off the master bedroom. To
do that would mean encroaching on one setback; the lake setback is exactly
the same. The present 8 ft. x 20 ft. existing covered deck is pre-exist-
ing, and is 44 ft. from the shoreline. The house is 8 feet from the north
shoreline and the deck addition will be 8 feet from the north shoreline.
When the master bedroom is moved to the covered roof, access to the deck
would be closed. When the 10 ft. x 16 ft. deck addition is built, it will
be constructed around an existing tree. The Agent will go before the
Planning Board for Site Plan Review.
Public Hearingl no comment.
Correspondence I Warren County Planning
advised this was under a blanket motion.
from John Goralski (Exhibit C).
Board approved; Mr. Mason
Mrs. Goetz read Staff report
Mr. Goralski advised the Board that this application is Type I Action
under SEQR and will require the Long Environmental Assessment Form. Mrs.
York stated that Lake George has been declared an environmentally-
sensitive area and any unlisted actions within 500 feet of the lake become
Type I action automatically. She would request that the Zoning Board of
Appeals become Lead Agent, if it so desired.
The Zoning Board of Appeals requested to TABLE Area Variance No. 1454,
Roger and Karen Howard. John Mason, Agent, is to prepare the Long Environ-
mental Assessment Form, Type I action under SEQR. This request was made
in agreement with the Agent.
AREA VARIANCE 1455
Keith W. Coe
The application is to build a summer camp or residence on the property,
off Birdsall Road on Glen Lake, WR-1A. Lot size 30,000 sq. ft. (Tax Map
No. 40-1-19.4.
Keith Coe represented the project and stated the purpose of the applica-
tion is to request extension of a Variance which was approved three years
ago. Mr. Coe stated he has no present plans to build on the property.
Mr. Kelley reviewed that the problem with the first request was that it
was necessary to get a lot of conforming size; the lot was originally
6
'"-,
'"-'"
19,000 square feet in a 30,000 sq. ft. zone. Mr. Coe agreed at that time
to add a piece of property to it, making 30,000 sq. ft., now the Ordinance
has the property zoned for one acre. Mr. Coe stated that he was advised
that, once a Variance was extended, he would not have to appear before the
Board again. Mr. Coe would not divulge the source, but said it was an
attorney in Town.
Mr. Kelley pointed out that there is a vacant lot adjacent to the sub-
ject property that was thought to be for sale and would solve the minimum
30,000 sq. ft. problem, however, it is a common beach area which is deeded
to the other landowners. It is not in Mr. Coe's best interest to purchase
that piece of property, especially because of liability involved.
Public Hearing.
Dr. Robert Hughes. 33 Garrison Road
Dr. Hughes has a summer home on Glen Lake and noted that the subject
property does not meet the waterfront requirements. He also objected to
the fact that no plans for a residence were presented, and that the pro-
perty is for resale for monetary gain. Dr. Hughes is has a significant
interest in Mud Pond, which is close by, and he does not feel approval
would be in the best sense of the environment. There are several clauses
that have to be considered in the Variance, speci¥;~ally, tAB waterfront ~
isauerand t~ adjoining ~LeLrLufit.
Mr. Turner advised Dr. Hughes that the only change since the applica-
tion was previously approved is the zoning requirement, plans were prev-
iously presented showing the house and appropriate amenities.
Richard Bartis. owns a second home on Glen Lake.
Mr. Bartis is against the Variance because the size of the lot is not
conducive to building a home. He also questioned if the buyer was aware
of the laws and restrictions. Mr. Turner stated that the rules and
restrictions have changed, since the buyer purchased the land.
Public Hearing Closed.
Warren County Board approved. Staff report was read by Mrs. Goetz (on
file) and commented that the Variance is greater than shown, because the
right-of-way is excluded from the calculations. There is no septic field
location presented with the application. It would be difficult to locate
the services on the lot without encroaching upon the right-of-way. Strict
application of the Zoning requirements would preclude any construction on
the subject property. There is vacant property available for purchase on
the west, so that the minimum requirements could be satisfied.
Mr. Turner explained that, when Mr. Coe came for an application, he
7
'--
-.,/
bought another piece of property so that the size of the lot would be in-
creased. At that time, Mr. Coe presented to the Board a Plot Plan drawn
by Coulter & McCormack, Land Surveyors, which depicted, the location of
the house on the lot, septic and well placement, and pertinent setbacks.
Also, Case Prime, former Zoning Board of Appeals Counsel, stated that the
right-of-way square footage can be included in the property, but cannot be
built upon. Mr. Coe confirmed the above information at this meeting.
Mrs. Goetz advised the Board that she would not want to grant this as a
permanent variance, that would be setting a precedence. Presently, a
Variance is granted for one year and then the Variance has to be renewed.
Again, Mr. Coe stated that he is not planning on building immediately.
Because of problems of acquiring land three years ago to bring his pro-
perty up to specifications, Mr. Coe stated he committed himself contract-
ually to another piece of property. One month after the commitment,
paperwork fell into place for the subject property on Glen Lake, and the
applicant had to buy the property or give it up, which he did not want to
do.
Mr. Kelley moved approval of Area Variance No. 1455, Keith W. Coe.
This applicant previously was before the Board in July 15, 1987 under Area
Variance No. 1235. At that time, the Zoning Board of Appeals agreed that
all the setback requirements could be met and the lot was buildable. Due
to the adoption of the new Zoning Ordinance on 10/1/88, Mr. Coe's lot be-
came an undersized building lot. He is here today seeking an Area
Variance for.
1) a lot which has 30,000 square feet, not the one-acre requirement,
2) shoreline frontage of 59 1/2 feet, in lieu of the required 150 feet,
3) permission to build on a lot which does not bound on a Town-approved
road.
The request is to make this a permanent Variance that runs with the
land. The justification is that if this was not granted, it would deprive
the applicant of reasonable use of the land. The practical difficulty is
that the site is in a one-acre zone, but there are no one-acre lots in the
area. It is not detrimental to the Zoning Ordinance or other properties
in the vicinity, because the majority of lots in the area are substantial-
ly smaller. From recollection, none of the neighboring lots have the
shore line frontage or area sizes or front on a Town road.
The Zoning Board reviewed the Short Environmental Assess Form and there
are no negative impacts.
Seconded by Mrs. Eggleston.
Passed 5 Yes (Kelley, Sicard, Turner, Griffin, Eggleston)
1 No (Goetz)
1 Absent (Muller)
8
"'--"
-....../
AREA VARIANCE NO. 1458
Norman C. Benack
The applicant is seeking relief from the required 50 foot buffer zone
between zoning districts on Ridge Road, HC-1A. Lot size is 2.285 acres.
(Tax Map No. 109-3-35.1)
Norman Benack represented the application and stated that there is a
50 foot wide Commercial buffer zone within the property which has boundary
lines as follows I on the south, there is 697.05 feet, which runs east to
the Albany Engineering property, on the west, the Ridge Road frontage is
150 feet plus 162.10 feet on the Robert E. Ruggles land, on the north,
there is 567.73 feet, which runs from Ridge Road to the Albany Engineering
property, and on the east there is 106.31 feet bordering Albany Interna-
tional, the land is unusually shaped. Heber Associates has expressed a
desire to buy the property, because of the need for more parking. The 50
foot buffer, which is entirely within the subject parcel is excessive, the
applicant would prefer ·ordinary· setbacks. By eliminating the buffer
zone, the land could be used for parking. Albany Engineering uses the
western end of its lot for parking and a rather large utility building,
which was built within the last two years.
Mr. Turner stated that setbacks have been a problem in the area. At
one time Heber Associates expressed an interest in the property, the
house, barn, etc., and wanted to put a driveway on the north and south
side of the residence on Ridge Road, but there was not enough land avail-
able. Messrs. Benack and Robert E. Ruggles were unaware of the 50 foot
buffer zone. The property on Ridge Road with a frame house and garage is
a residence in a commercial zone, of pre-existing, nonconforming use. Sep-
arate deeds have established the two properties as separate entities.
Public Hearingl against
Richard HerlYI 342 Ridge Road
Mr. Herly was against the application for the following reasons I
1) there was no submittal of a detailed proposal of the land,
2) research should be made into the reason for the original granting of
the buffer zone, and,
3) it seems unreasonable to change the new Ordinance dated 10/1/88.
Mr. Herly also asked if there was any piece of property in the Town
that was safe from Variance changes. He also did not understand why the
applicants did not present this problem at the pUblic meetings held regard-
ing the new zoning.
Marilyn Gormanl 338 Ridge Road.
9
'-
~
Mrs. Gorman expressed concern about the possibility of three accesses
on Ridge Road near Cumberland Farms and the traffic light at the inter-
section of Ridge Road and Quaker Road, if the applicant's plans included
putting in two driveways. Regarding hardship, if Heber Associates were to
purchase the property, there would be access to an expanded parking lot
off Quaker Road. Mrs. Gorman has been to Heber Associates and has never
had a problem with parking in the present parking lot.
Mr. Benack stated that the distance from the property entrance to the
Cumberland Farm property is 172.47 feet and the red light is slightly
beyond that point, it is not 50 feet. He also responded to Mr. Herly that
the applicant did not know that there was a buffer zone and that the land
was changed to commercial. He again inferred that, because of the buffer
zone, there is no land left and it is worthless. Mr. Benack stated that
there are bushes between his property and the residential lot to the
south.
Mrs. Goetz asked what the guarantee is that Heber Associates will buy
the property. The impact of another landowner is unknown, since there is
the possibility Heber might not buy the land.
Public Hearing Closed.
Correspondence. Warren County Planning Board modified with conditions
(on file) that the buffer be reduced to thirty (30) feet, because no use
is proposed making it difficult to weigh the impact. Mrs. Goetz read
Staff review from Lee York (Exhibit D) stating a major concern about
eliminating buffer zones between residential and commercial areas, espe-
cially in a situation where the use of the property is not defined.
Mr. Kelley
and criteria
basically has
proposed use
not feel that
agreed with Mr.
agreed with Mrs. York noting that the Ordinance has rules
by which property owners must abide. Because the applicant
stated that the land is not usable, but has not shown any
or given reasons for practical difficulty, Mr. Kelley does
the request is a justifiable reason. Mrs. Eggleston
Kelley.
Mr. Kelley further stated that the buffer zone is there for a reason,
it protects the neighbors from noise or unsightly conditions, etc. Pre-
sently, the Board does not know from what the community is to be protect-
ed, if Heber were to buy the property, some type of construction might be
built that would be in poor taste. At that point, landowners would ques-
tion why the Board approved the applicant's request. If the buffer zone
was to remain, the ingress/egress would be 75 feet each, the Town road is
50 feet and there is plenty of room for vehicle movement.
Sale of the property could be contingent upon seeking a Variance.
Plans could be presented to the Zoning Board, which might show that alter-
ations in the buffer zone would be justifiable.
10
'~
........,;
Mr. Benack informed Mr. Turner that, at this point, sale of the lot is
contingent on approval of the Variance. Heber Associates is interested in
purchasing the land, if the partial relief can be granted. Any uses in
the Highway Commercial zone require Site Plan approval. Again, Mr. Turner
reiterated the Board's feeling that the proposed use of the land must be
known, before any approval can be given.
Mr. Benack verified to Mrs. Goetz that Robert E. Ruggles, part owner of
the subject land, also owns the 18,879 sq. ft. piece of property situated
between the two access points of the subject property on Ridge Road. Mrs.
Goetz thought that, if the two pieces of property were to be put together,
there might be enough land for a buffer zone and still sell the property.
Mr. Benack contended he did not want to have to rely on Mr. Ruggles sel-
ling his piece of land. The property is one entity and that is the way
the three owners would like to have it addressed. Mr. Benack stated that
a 50 foot buffer zone is a lot of land to take away from one landowner, if
25 feet were taken away from the subject property and 25 feet from
neighboring land, that would be more reasonable. He requested a decision
at this meeting to reduce the buffer zone along the southern boundary
line.
Mr. Benack stated that he has been in real estate for 30 years and has
never heard of a 50 foot buffer zone. Mrs. Eggleston asked Mr. Benack why
he did not attend the pUblic meetings, which were held prior to the new
Ordinance, and express his disapproval of the zoning. Answers He was not
aware of the meetings, ·these things can slip by the public.· -None of us
were...· (the three landowners).
Mr. Benack
lot were not
meeting live
that neighbors
advised the Board that the only residential
present at the meeting, those present
about four to five houses away. However,
living away from the property are afraid of
neighbors to the
and heard at the
Mr. Turner noted
encroachment.
Mr. Kelley referred to the Zoning Ordinance, Article 2, Section 2.020,
32. ··Buffer Zone· means an unpaved, natural area without buildings
designed to reduce the possibility of adverse impact on land or water
quality and/or conflicts of land use between two (2) or more areas. No
parking or storage of vehicles of any kind or objects associated with the
use of the property is permitted. When not inhabited with natural woody
plants (ie. trees and shrubs) sufficient to visually screen adjoining uses
or zones, such buffer area shall be planted, regarded, and/or fenced as
approved by the Queensbury Beautification Committee.·
When asked by Mr. Kelley how long the property has been advertised, how
many signs were placed on the property, how many people have looked at the
property and what the reaction to the property has been, Mr. Benack's
answer was ·Actually, we haven't tried to sell it.· Mr. Benack also
stated that he did not feel that the Heber's know what they want to do
with the property, except that they want to buy the land, possibly for
parking. At one time, Mrs. Heber mentioned putting up more offices.
11
'--'
~
Mr. Turner moved to TABLE Area Variance No. 1458, Norman C. Benack, for
one month. The applicant is to bring the prospective buyers before the
Board, in order to present proposed plans of the property.
Seconded by Mr. Goetz.
Passed 5 Yes (Kelley, Sicard, Turner, Goetz, Eggleston)
1 No (Griffin)
1 Absent (Muller)
AREA VARIABCE RO. 1459
Sears Roebuck Co.
Donald Brown, Store Manager
The application is for the installation of a six-foot satellite dish on
the roof at Aviation Mallon Aviation Road, PC-1A. (Tax Map No. 98-1-5.2)
There was no representation present at the meeting and Mrs. York veri-
fied that no information was received from anyone regarding the applica-
tion. Mr. Sicard requested that the Zoning Board discuss the project.
According
explore any
three types
cussed.
to the submission, Mrs. York felt that the applicants did not
alternatives. Construction details indicated that there are
of mountings which could be used; however, only one was dis-
Mr. Hatin advised that, when the application was requested, there was
some question regarding the distance that the cable could be run; that was
one reason why the cable could not be run on the ground. The antenna
would have to face southwest and be put on the back side of the Mall.
Public Hearing. no comment
Correspondence. Warren County Planning Board disapproved, as it did not
want to set a precedent and felt that feasible alternatives existed. The
Beautification Committee disapproved, also because it did not want to set
a precedent and felt that placing a satellite dish on the roof of any
building is unjustifiable. Staff review from Mrs. York was read (Exhibit
E), which noted Section 7.080 of the Zoning Ordinance, and that the appli-
cation does not discuss feasible alternatives.
Mr. Turner moved to DISAPPROVE Area Variance No. 1459, Sears Roebuck
Co. based on the fact that no feasible alternatives have been explored.
Seconded by Mr. Griffin.
Passed Unanimously
12
'--
-.../
USE VARIANCE NO. 1460
Robert Clark
The application is
on Sanders Road, SR-1A.
for the placement of a mobile home on the premises
Lot size a 1.45 acres. (Tax Map No. 126-1-46).
Garfield Raymond represented the project and stated that the junkyard
application had been withdrawn and that the new application is for the
placement of a mobile home, which is more conducive to the area. A letter
dated October 20, 1988 verifying withdrawal of Use Variance 1385, Clark's
Used Auto Parts, was sent to the Zoning Board of Appeals for the purpose
of removing the application from the Agenda.
The trailer has been purchased, however, it is not on the lot. All
requirements will be dealt with including setbacks and Department of
Health. Mr. Raymond verified that a house could be put on the lot, but
the area is not conducive to new, single-family construction. The lot is
surrounded by mobile homes, three of the mobile homes were granted
Variances within the last year. Mr. Clark verified that a foundation will
be installed consisting of a concrete slab with blocks around it. Mr.
Sicard expressed concern of the increasing use of mobile homes in the area
and their encroachment into other residential areas. He was advised that
the subject property has a natural barrier on one side.
Mr. Turner noted that, previously, the area was zoned originally Resi-
dential, then Light Industrial and now Single Family Residential.
Public Hearinga no comment.
Correspondence a
with no negative
(Exhibit F).
The Short Environmental Assessment Form was submitted
impact. Mrs. Goetz read Mrs. York's Staff report
Mr. Turner's opinion was that
which was originally submitted (a
neighborhood.
the proposed use is better than that
junkyard), it is compatible with the
Mr. Griffin moved APPROVAL of Use Variance No. 1460, Robert Clark. The
applicant has demonstrated hardship in that no one will build a single
family residential home on the property, which has been zoned Single
Family Residential, but Variances for trailers have been granted. There
is a power line to the west, a junkyard further to the west. The property
is surrounded by existing mobile homes, and there is no reasonable rate of
return for anything else. The property is unique, because of the items
mentioned in this statement. There will be no change in the neighborhood
character.
Seconded by Mr. Turner.
13
~
Passed Unanimously
Chairman Turner adjourned the meeting at 10155 p.m.
Theodore Turner, Chairman
~'
ographer
Date
J. / 'y . ¡. f
Date /
14
"-"
.....~
Hþ<~1µ,,-
Jown 0/ QueenjbuJ'fj
tilE C
\' .
'-
.....::::..¡...-----.
~.
"NOTE TO FILE-
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
JOHN GORALSKI, PLANNER
npl" 77,lQRR
DATE
Application Number: Area Variance No. 1453
Applicant/Project Name: Frank and Joan Arzberger
The applicant is seeking a variance from Section 7.044 which requires three
acres of land to keep a horse on the property. The Arzbergers cun-ently own 2.78
acres. The proposal is a 5,227 sq. ft. variance from the Ordinance and appears to
have no effect on public facilities.
There is cun-ently an allowable use on the property, a single family home with
several accessory structures. Strict application of the Ordinance would not deprive
the applicant of the reasonable use of the property. It would preclude them from
keeping a horse on the property.
There is sufficient area to subdivide this lot into two lots. If a variance is
iranted it would be for the 2.78 acre parcel and would not cover the suhdivided
lots.
fIi""
..
, '
~
..~~~.
John Goralski
Planner
BAY AT HAVILAND ROAD
QUEENSBURY. NEW YORK, 12801
TELEPHONE: (518) 792-5832
5fTTl-ED 1763... HOME OF NATURAL. BI.'AUTY ... A GOOD PLACE TO LIVE
E'XHI/9/í II-
'-'
-......./
BERNARD F. McPHILLIPS
MARTIN A. MEVER
RICHARD E, McLENITHAN
JOSEPH R. BRENNAN
DENNIS J. PHIWPS
WILUAM E. FITZGERALD
JAMES E. CULLUM
RICHARD V. MEATH
SCOTT R. HATZ
JULIE Viet< STEVENSON'
JEFFREV E. McMORRIS
MCPHILLIPS, FITZGERALD, MEYER & MCLENITHAN
A TTORNEVS AT LAW
288 GLEN STREET - P. 0, BOX 309
GLENS FALLS. N. V, 12801
PHONE (5181 792-1174
November 28, 1988
OUR FR..E NO. 312 2 6
'ALSO ADMITTED IN CT AND VA
Paul B. Dusek, Esq.
Town Attorney
Town of Queensbury
Bay at Haviland Road
Queensbury, New York 12804
RE: Variance Applications of Karolyn Smith and
James W. Ingalls, Jr. and Flora S. Ingalls
Dear Paul:
We are enclosing for your review and subsequent discussion
a color-coded map which explains the facts relating to property
presently owned by James W. Ingalls, Jr. and Flora S. Ingalls and
under contract with Karolyn Smith, our client and the applicant
for a variance before the Queensbury Zoning Board of Appeals. It
may be that no variance is required because of the pre-existing
use of the property, in which case we are seeking a favorable
interpretation of the Zoning Ordinance to that effect for the
record. The purpose of this letter is to set forth the facts of
the matter and then to analyze these facts under the Adirondack
Park Agency Act (the "APA"), the 1982 Queensbury Zoning Ordinance
and the 1988 Queensbury Zoning Ordinance, resulting in the
conclusion that a merger of the Ingalls lot would be an
inequitable and unintended result under the 1988 Queensbury
Zoning Ordinance.
Referring to the enclosed map, the separate chain of title
for the "green" lot is such that between 1963 and 1987 title was
held by Robert A. Salvadore and Flora S. Ingalls, but in March of
1987 Flora S. Ingalls, as surviving joint tenant; conveyed the
lot to herself and James W. Ingalls, Jr., as joint tenants with a
right of survivorship. The house on the green lot was built in
1964 and is the permanent home of Mr. and Mrs. Ingalls. The
separate deed for the green lot was recorded in the Warren County
Clerk's Office on March 18, 1982 in Book 691 of Deeds at page 470.
ÇYJrl/å./T ø
\...--
.-/
Paul B. Dusek, Esq.
November 28, 1988
Page -2-
The separate chain of title for the "red" lot is such that
between 1958 and 1987 title was held by Velma M. Ingalls and
James W. Ingalls, Jr., but in March of 1987 James W. Ingalls,
Jr., as surviving joint tenant, conveyed the lot to himself and
Flora S. Ingalls, as joint tenants with a right of survivorship.
The house and garage on the red lot were built in 1901, according
to Mr. Ingalls, and have been used on a continuous basis between
1901 and the present date. The separate deed for the red lot was
recorded in the Warren County Clerk's Office on March 18, 1988 in
Book 691 of Deeds at page 4~2.
It is clear that on May 22, 1973 the green lot and the red
lot were separately owned f>re-existing lots; that each lot was
improved by a single family residential house; and that the two
lots constituted a pre-exi&.ing subdivision of land.
.
'1
Based on the above ~tatement of facts, there is no merger
of the green lot and red lot under the APA. The APA authority
for the conclusion of non m~rger is Regulation 573.4(i): "Merger
of lots acquired prior to ~tay 22, 1973. Adjoining lots owned by
one land owner, each acquired prior to May 2, 1973, except lots
~n a pre-existing subdivision or separately owned pre-existing
vacant lots of record as d~scribed in Section 811(1) (a) of the
APA Act, shall be deemed to;;have merged into one undivided lot as
of that date, even if described in different deeds or acquired at
different times." The APA \provisions that do apply to the above
two lots are found in Section 811, Regulation 573.5(2),
Regulation 573.5(3), Regulation 575.5(a) and Regulation 575.5(b).
I
APA Section 811 (2) states that: "Any pre-existing land
use and development shall not be subject to review by the
Agency." The definition of pre-existing land use or development
is found in APA Section.' 802(48): "Pre-existing land use or
development" or "pre-existing use" means any land use or develop-
ment, including any structures, lawfully in existence prior to
August 1, 1973 . . ." The definition of "pre-existing subdivi-
sion of land" is found in APA Section 802 (49) : "Pre-existing
subdivision of land or pre-existing subdivision means any
subdivision or portion of a subdivision lawfully in existence
prior to August 1, 1973 . .." APA Section 802(25) defines "in
existence" to mean: "With respect to any land use or
development, including any structure, that such use or
development has been substantially commenced or completed."
~
......"
Paul B. Dusek, Esq.
November 28, 1988
Page -3-
Continuing to look at the two lots in the context of the
APA, it is instructive to understand what changes or alterations
could be made to the two houses. With two separate lots and
pre-existing single family residential dwellings on each lot, APA
Section 811(5) allows a single family dwelling to "be enlarged or
rebuilt to any extent provided that it continues to be used as
such, provided, however, that no such increase or expansion shall
violate, or increase any non-compliance with, the minimum set-
back requirements of the, shoreline restrictions." In furtherance
of the law, Regulation 573.5(2) provides: "A single family
dwelling or mobile home may be expand,ed to any extent provided it
continues to be used as such." Regulation 573.5(3) says: "All
increases or expansions involving 'an existing non-conformance
with the shoreline building setback restrictions shall be subject
to Section 575.5 of these Regulations. II Turning to Regulation
575.5 as directed, this provision states: "Any existing
structure lawfully in non- conformance with the building setback
restrictions, or any such structure :which was existing on August
1, 1973 and was thereafter removed ar destroyed may be replaced
in kind on the same foundation or location or in the same
immediate vicinity, provided the ¡previously existing setback
non-conformance is not increased~" Regulation 575.5 (b) (2)
provides: "An existing single family dwelling or mobile home
which is lawfully in non-compliance with the building setback
restrictions may be expanded to the rear or laterally provided
such expansion does not bring the structure any closer to the
mean high water mark, and provided the structure continues to be
used as a single family residence.
Turning now to the 1982 Town of Queensbury Zoning
Ordinance, the green lot and the red lot maintain their
identities as separate ldts by virtue of Section 8.010, which
relates to exceptions to' minimum lot area requirements. That
section states: "Any non-conforming lot of record as of the date
of this ordinance (our emphasis) which does not meet the minimum
lot area and/or minimum lot width requirements of this ordinance
for the zoning district in which such lot is situated shall be
considered as complying wÏth such minimum lot requirements and no
variance shall be requirèd, provided that such a lot does not
adjoin other lots in the' same ownership . . " When the green
lot and red lot came into the same ownership in March of 1987,
the separate identities of the two lots remained unchanged
because they were separately owned and non-conforming lots of
record as of the date of the ordinance. Very similar to the APA
ç X/f-11é r(' &-
"'---
~
paul B. Dusek, Esq.
November 28, 1988
Page -4-
was language under Sections 9.010, 9.011 and 9.012 allowing a
non-conforming structure to be enlarged or rebuilt, provided the
minimum setback requirements of the shoreline restrictions were
not increased. In effect, the APA and the 1982 Town of
Queensbury Zoning Ordinance reached the same result in the
1nterpretation of the green lot and the red lot.
Under the 1988 Queensbury Zoning Ordinance effective
October 1, 1988, the single family dwelling on the red lot is a
non-conforming structure because it does not satisfy the new
setback requirements of 75 feet from the water's edge (in fact,
it is only 12 feet from the water' sedge) . But under Section
9.015 of the 1988 ordinance this dwelling could be altered,
enlarged or extended in place so long as such alteration,
enlargement or extension does not violate the area requirements
of the ordinance. This provision is similar to the APA
regulation whereby alteration can take place to the side and to
the rear but not to the front. Section 9.012 confirms this when
it says: It In no case shall any increase expansion violate, or
increase non-compliance with the minimum setback requirements of
the shoreline restrictions." Since the house on the lot is a
conforming use in the zone, it is clear from these sections that
pre-existing nonconforming structures are allowed to remain
standing, as well as being enlarged and improved, and that the
purpose of the ordinance was not intended to be confiscatory.
Turning now to the general exceptions under Article 8 of
the 1988 ordinance, we believe that the merger language under
Section 8.010 should not be interpreted to apply to the green lot
and the red lot now owned by Mr. and Mrs. Ingalls, and we are
seeking a favorable interpretation and area variance to this
effect. Moreover, we are of the belief that the language of
Section 8.010 should primarily apply to vacant lots, not to lots
where a subdivision has already occurred, where there are two
separate and distinct chains of title, and where there is a pre-
existing single family dwelling. To put our position in
perspective, we have taken a hard look at APA Sections 811(1) (a),
811(2) and APA Regulations 573.4(h) and 573.4(i).
Section 811(1) (a) states: "Single family dwelling on
existing vacant lot. One single family dwelling or mobile home
shall be allowed to be built on any vacant lot which was on
record on the date that this act shall become a law regardless of
the overall intensity guidelines (synonymous with the minimum lot
area of the 1988 ordinance), or the minimum lot width provisions
, '¡' " ,
---
.......,/
Paul B. Dusek, Esq.
November 28, 1988
Page -5-
of the shoreline restrictions. For the purposes of this
exemption, such a lot must not adjoin other lots in the same
ownership, provided however, that all such lots in the same
ownership may be treated together as one lot." Although the word
"vacant" does not appear in the 1988 ordinance, Section 8.010
under the General Exceptions is substantially the same as Section
811(1) (a) and is designed to serve the same purpose of "sweeping
up" adjoining vacant and undeveloped property in the same owner-
ship. Section 8.010 states: "Any non-conforming lot of record
as of the date of this ordinance which does not meet the minimum
lot area and/or minimum lot width requirements of this ordinance
for the zoning district in which such lot is situated shall be
considered as complying with such minimum l~t requirements, and
no variance shall be required, provided that: As of the date of
this ordinance, such a lot does not adjoin other lots in the same
ownership, provided however, that all such lots in the same
ownership shall be treated together as one lot except that this
provision does not apply to subdivisions approved and filed prior
to the date of approval of this ordinance."
APA Section 811 (2) makes it perfectly clear that "any
pre-existing land use and development shall not be subject to
review by the Agency" and recognizes the fact that the green lot
and the red lot are separate pieces of property not only because
they were separat-ely owned on August 1, 1973, but also because
under Regulation'S73.4(i) there was a pre-existing subdivision of
land and that development had already occurred, a question of
fact under Regulation S73.4(h). We are of the opinion that
Section 8.010 of the 1988 ordinance should be construed to
recognize pre-existing land use and development and pre-existing
subdivisions of land and that the exception language under
Section 8.010, "except that this provision does not apply to
subdivisions approved and filed prior to the date of approval of
this ordinance, " should not be so narrowly interpreted as to
apply solely to subdivisions of record approved and filed, but
also should be applied to pre- existing subdivisions where a
buildout has occurred but which came into being before any land
subdivision regulations existed.
Assuming that merger of the green lot and red lot has not
occurred, our client desires to upgrade the situation. She
proposes to comply with the minimum building setback requirements
of the Adirondack Park Agency, namely, 50 feet from'the water's
edge. This is an improvement from the present setback of 12 feet
but still is a little shy of the 1988 ordinance requirement of 75
Fý"/fll$/T ;;;
\ t ,!.
"--...-
---./
Paul B. Dusek, Esq.
November 28, 1988
Page -6-
feet. It is our thought that because our client desires to make
the situation better, there is a justifiable reason for the
setback variance. Also, she proposes to abandon the old sewage
disposal system on the lot and construct a new state of the art
system more than 100 feet from the lake, thereby substantially
improving the septic situation. Finally, she proposes that the
lot width of 145 feet be acceptable as a pre-existing lot on the
ground that it exceeds the APA regulation of 100 feet but falls
short of the 1988 ordinance by five feet.
We do not believe the 1988 ordinance was intended to be
confiscatory and we believe that a rule of reason has to be
applied in the interpretation of the doctrine of merger. We
believe that the unique facts and circumstances of this situation
are such to warrant an interpretation to the effect that these
two lots should remain as non-conforming lots under the
ordinance.
We will give you a call to further discuss this matter
prior to the Zoning Board of Appeals hearing scheduled for
December.
Very truly yours,
McPHILLIPS,
MEYER
Dennis J. Phillips
DJP:wcw
copy: Mrs. Karolyn Smith
49 Wincrest Drive
Queensbury, New York 12804
Jown 0/ Queenjbuf'fJ
f'm~ E
C~T""'\..,!,"
~ ...~: f ~ ,I ",
,: ':I:: ¡: II' ¡I
~.~ '~,..t li tj
"--"
',~ ,--
.-.....--..-
r:::> -.
-NOTE TO FILE-
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
Dec. 27, 1988
DATE
;/
JOHN GORALSKI, PLANNER
Application Number:
Area Variance No. 1454
Applicant/Project Name:
R02er and Karen Howard
Mr. and Mrs. Howard are seeking a variance from the shoreline setback and
the side yard setback to construct a 10 ft. by 16 ft. deck addition. The Zoning
Administrator has determined that althou2h the addition is in line with the existing
deck it is increasine the encroachment on the lake.
The application indicates that the hardship is the inability to access the deck
directly from the master bedroom. This does not reduce the owners reasonable
use 'of the property: it is simply an inconvenience.
Because this action is within 500 ft. of Lake George (a critical environmental
area designated by the Lake George Park) it is a Type I action under SEQR.
. ','
John Goralski
Planner
r
~,..
BAY AT HAVILAND ROAD
QUEENSBURY, NEW YORK, 12801
TELEPHONE: (518) 792-5832
SETTLCD 1763... HOME OF NATURAL BfAUTY... A GOOD PLACE TO LIVE
~ ifill ð / T c....
~ ---... -
Jown 0/ Queendbuf''j
,-..J
~
. ...;::.,(
~·FflE ~ßPV
-NOTE TO FILE-
Planning anci Zoning Department
LEE YORK
, Senior Town Planner
Application Number:
Area Variance No. 1458
December 16, 1988
Applicant/Project Name:
Norman C. Benack
Mr. Benack discussed this project with David Hatin prior to the adoption of
the new Ordinances on October 1, 1988. That is why his map is reflective of the
old Ordinance.
Mr. Benack is seeking relief from the side yard and rear yard setbacks. The
residential property does not require any buffering although Mr. Benack has indicated
a 75 ft. buffer zone. On October 1, the properties in question became Highway
Commercial and therefore no buffering is required (Section 7.079) between the
residential use and the commercial zone. I would recommend that the Board consider
some type of screening or buffering of the residential property as long as it remains
residential.
A concern I have is that a variance from the setbacks is being requested on
a vacant piece of property. The application of practical difficulty usually assumes
that construction or use of the property cannot be accomplished without infringement
into the setbacks. This application is for 100 percent relief from the setbacks and
buffers without indication of a proposed use of the property.
Mr. Benack indicates that Mrs. Heber is interested in the 2.285 acres. If she
ii'
_ nee4 ,for the 20 ft~ setbaçk at the property line.
t· . 't.....i~.: t
rJi'~~'>;"'''':a,
-rri ' ~ '.' .....' . .
..... "" I
, Ð .' "',' , . '
",' "s
Oi . D, if.. J~y, <
. '.' i"'l"'~ ,~~,. '.;", "'''".",
'.~;~~.~~~:'\><:..~~.:' ,.~:.:,":).~.,~.:
LEE'
SeDÏor
BAY AT HAVILAND ROAD
QUEENSBURY, NEW YORK, 12801
TELEPHONE: (518) 792-5832
SETTLED 1763. . . HOME OF NATURAL BEAUTY. . . A GOOD PLACE TO LIVE
k''I-IIØlí b
~"-
/"
own oJ Queenjtul'f¡f
~
.~
n>.
"NOTE TO FILE-
Planning and Zoning Department
LEE YORK
. Senior Town Planner
Application NUJilber:
Area Variance No. 1458
December 16, 1988
Page Z of Z
App1icant/Project Name: Norman C. Benack
During the recent rezoning efforts this area of Queensburv was rezoned at
the request of the commercial property owners in that area. The rezoned area cWTently
is in accordance with the type of activities going on there. I have a major concern
about eliminating buffer zones between residential and commercial areas. Especially
in a situation where the use on the property is not defined.
~:
~: ::>. ~~,l~¡~:r\õ.:.. ¡ ..:
~ . .,.. '·rfi'!i' '1':,-
. n ~Q IQÍ]:' ]~.~~. '.'
~~" ""-;';~~l?~.p~,.::. c'.;·'';
fIL·, .: ".;..;.;;¡~~!!·_·,,~..~."",.£....\v·l, ' ..;:..... ".'1.' '. .. t
, 1· . I" . ~_. .......' ...,. , ::i. ··'·1":., .J, ..."...... ._ I
BAY AT HAVILAND ROAD
QlJEENSBURY, NEW YORK, 12801
TELEPHONE: (518) 792-5832
,..,.'
...
SETTLED 1763... HOME OF NATURAL BfAUTY ... A GOOD PLACE TO LIVE
'- Jown 0/ Queenjbup'J
..........,;
FILE COpy
....;:::..(
~
"NOTE TO FILEn
Planning and Zoning Department
LEE YORK
. Senior Town Planner
Dec. Z8, 1988
Application Number: Area Variance No. 1459
Applicant/Project Name: Sears Roebuck Co.
This application is for a variance from Section 7.080 (Satellite Receiving
Antennas). The Ordinance states that the "antenna shall be placed before the ridge
line" of the roof. The applicant proposes to mount the antenna on the flat roof of
A via tion Mall.
The application does not indicate if any feasible alternatives have been
examined. The construction details submitted indicate (3.1) that there are 3 types
of mounting for this mechanism; 1) Flush Wall Mount, Z) Pole Wall Mount, 3) Non
Penetrating Roof Mount. No alternatives were discussed.
The Beautification Committee and WatTen County Planning Board disapproved
\Î
this variance because no alternatives were investigated and approval of this variance
would set a precedent.
~;
~ . ~~~.
.... ~. ./·¡;~Il~'
-- ~~.. .... <,:,;'h4\"../~
!I[-~(~!q \Q I~... . ,.~~~~~
r,· ~..,(".... .,~*4"
. ~,..,. 'In' .'" ''', ..~"__;.. ¡. ." "."..
Si2'~" C~:;', ::~~:·;Jh~;~.JJ¿~]j~~j~1J:~:~~'''~
BAY AT HAVILAND ROAD
QUEENSBURY, NEW YORK, 12801
TE~EPHONf:: (518) 792-5832
SfTrLED 1763... HOME OF NATURAL BEAUTY.,. A GOOD PLACE TO LIVE
¡;-'1-/l1911 ~
Jown 0/ Queen:JbuPIj
r w r"" £" (ftí f" ~,
p' fl'P F' n'Jf\~~'"' Û
~ ~~~ tJu
.............
',~-
~.
"NOTE TO FILE-
Dec. 27, 1988
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
DATE
JOHN GORALSKI, PLANNER
Application Number:
Use Variance No. 1460
Applicant/Project Name:
Robert Clark
The applicant is seeking a variance to place a mobile home in an SR-IA zone.
The property is surrounded by a power line easement, a junk yard, mobile homes,
and modest single family homes.
The allowable 'use for the property would be a single family residence. The
lot is large enough to accommodate a single family residence and meet all of the
area requirements. The applicant claims that he cannot realize a reasonable return
because "the property is not compatible with sinile familv new construction".
However. he does not offer any proof that this is the case.
tlf'^'
.-.
John Goralski
Planner
BAY AT HAVILAND ROAD
QUEENSBURY. NEW YORK, 12801
TELEPHONE: (518) 792-5832
SETTLeD 1763... HOME OF NATURAL BrAUn... A GOOD PLACE TO LIVE
¡? X/I-1I&.J í P